Element Actions

The ElementActions class provides element interactions with built-in waits.

Capabilities

• Send text or keys
• Click elements
• Get text/attributes/properties
• Work with element collections
• Upload single/multiple files

Sending Data

// Text
actions.elements().sendData(By.id("username"), "testuser");

// Keys
actions.elements().sendData(By.id("search"), Keys.ENTER);

// With custom timeout/polling
actions.elements().sendData(By.name("email"), "user@example.com", 10, 200);
actions.elements().sendData(By.id("search"), Keys.TAB, 5, 250);

Clicking

actions.elements().clickOnElement(By.id("submit"));
actions.elements().clickOnElement(By.cssSelector(".btn-primary"), 15, 500);

Text Retrieval

Get Text from Single Element

String message = actions.elements().getText(By.id("message"));
String title = actions.elements().getText(By.tagName("h1"), 5, 250);

Attributes and Properties

// Get text from all elements matching a locator
List<String> texts = actions.elements().getTextFromMultipleElements(By.cssSelector(".item"), 10, 500);

// Attribute (single)
String href = actions.elements().getAttributeValue(By.cssSelector("a"), "href", 10, 200);

// Property (single)
String value = actions.elements().getPropertyValue(By.id("field"), "value");

// Attributes from collection
List<String> srcs = actions.elements().getAttributeFromMultipleElements(
    By.cssSelector("img"), "src", 10, 200
);

// Properties from collection
List<String> aria = actions.elements().getPropertyFromMultipleElements(
    By.cssSelector("[role='button']"), "aria-label", 10, 200
);

Element Collections

// Get elements
List<WebElement> cards = actions.elements().getElements(By.cssSelector(".card"), 10, 200);

// Click multiple
actions.elements().clickOnMultipleElements(By.cssSelector(".list .item"), 10, 200);

File Uploads

// Single file
actions.elements().uploadFile(By.id("fileInput"), "path/to/file.pdf", 10, 200);

// Multiple files
String[] files = {"a.png", "b.png"};
actions.elements().uploadMultipleFiles(By.id("imagesInput"), files, 15, 200);

Notes

All element actions automatically wait for elements to be in the appropriate state:

• Visibility: Elements are waited to be visible before interaction
• Clickability: Elements are waited to be clickable before clicking
• Presence: Elements are waited to be present in DOM before operations

Error Handling

The class includes comprehensive error handling:

• Automatic retry with configurable timeout and polling
• Detailed logging of all operations
• Graceful failure handling
• Element state validation

Best Practices

1. Use Descriptive Locators: Prefer ID, name, or CSS selectors over XPath
2. Set Appropriate Timeouts: Use longer timeouts for slower elements
3. Consistent Polling: Use consistent polling intervals across your tests
4. Element State: Ensure elements are in the expected state before interaction
5. Error Logging: Check logs for detailed operation information

Example Usage

@Test
public void testLoginForm() {
    DriverActions actions = new DriverActions(driver);
    
    // Navigate to login page
    actions.navigation().navigateToUrl("https://example.com/login");
    
    // Fill login form
    actions.elements().sendData(By.id("username"), "testuser", 10, 500);
    actions.elements().sendData(By.id("password"), "password123", 10, 500);
    
    // Submit form
    actions.elements().clickOnElement(By.id("loginButton"), 10, 500);
    
    // Verify success message
    String message = actions.elements().getText(By.id("message"), 15, 1000);
    assertEquals("Login successful", message);
}

• Methods have overloads with default timeout/polling.
• ElementActions does not perform screenshots; use ScreenRecorderActions.captureScreenshot if needed.